This paper provides a comparative overview of the way in which EU Member States, Genocide Network Observer States and Ukraine have implemented the crime of aggression in their domestic laws. How is the crime of aggression defined in national criminal codes? Have the majority of states adopted the...

This document, which is updated biannually, provides an overview of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) with regard to the application of Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) and the surrender procedures between Member...

This report outlines the most prominent cases in which the European Court of Human Rights evalu­ated the application of Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Article 7 provides that ‘no one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which...

The Justice and Home Affairs Agencies’ Network (JHA) was established in 2010, building on the inter-agency cooperation in place since 2006, with the aim to facilitate and increase inter-agency cooperation in the field of Justice and Home Affairs. Today, the Network is composed of 9 agencies, all...

On 14 December 2022, 38 Ministers and high-level representatives of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Members and the European Union adopted the Declaration on Government Access to Data Held by Private Sector Entities (Declaration). Although not legally binding, the...

The Digital Services Act (“DSA”) is a European Union (“EU”) law that brings updated and harmonised rules for providers of digital services. As regards access to electronic evidence, especially in a cross-border context, the DSA (Article 10) importantly harmonises rules on disclosure orders addressed...

The Second Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) on enhanced cooperation and disclosure of electronic evidence (Protocol) aims to enhance cooperation among the Parties, as well as between the Parties and service providers and other entities, for...

The Second Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) on enhanced cooperation and disclosure of electronic evidence (Protocol) aims to enhance cooperation among the Parties, as well as between the Parties and service providers and other entities, for...